Keywords
organic amendments
organic fertilizer
microbial activity
enzymes
phytotoxicity
enterobacteria
bio-oxidation stabilization
sanitization
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
Generated at the San Fernando Wastewater Treatment Plant in Medellín, biosolids were experimentally evaluated through bio-oxidation processes to assess the efficiency of producing slow-release fertilizers and organic amendments, combined with support materials (residual cellulose and pruning waste). Physicochemical, microbiological, phytotoxicity, and enzymatic analyses established the viability of the resulting fertilizer for various agricultural uses (Type A), in accordance with the Colombian technical standard and EPA sanitary criteria. A 50/50 mixture of biosolids and residual cellulose, with an initial carbon/nitrogen ratio of 20, produced the best results in terms of organic matter stabilization and reduction of pathogenic microorganisms and heavy metals. Regarding heavy metals, only chromium exceeded the permitted 1,200 ppm limit in some analyses. Using these materials, 15 bio-fertilizers were formulated with a composition ensuring optimal amounts of macro- and micronutrients for plant growth. For this alternative to be viable, EPM must control influent chromium levels to guarantee effluent quality.
References
ARIAS G., Maria Victoria. “Biosólidos en Colombia”. En: Revista El Reto. Vol. 48. Bogotá, 2003. pp. 10-17.
MINISTERIO DE SALUD. COLOMBIA. Resolución 02309. Artículo 2, por el cual se clasifican los residuos sólidos”. Bogotá: El Ministerio, 1996.
DOMÉNECH, Xavier. “Química Ambiental, el impacto ambiental de los residuos”. Madrid: Miraguano Ediciones. España, 1998. pp. 14-51
EPELA VEILIKONJA, Bolta. et.al. “Microbial comunity structure during composting uit and without mass inoculu”. En: Compost Science 8 utilization. Vol. 5. (s.l.) 2003. pp. 6-15. GRUPO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE ESTUDIOS MOLECULARES (GIEM). “Producción de abono en la industria avícola”. En: Cuadernos Avícolas. Vol. 11. Fenavi, Bogotá, 2000. pp. 5-32.
HUANG, G.F.; WONG, J.W.; WU, QT. and Nagar. “Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with sawdust”. En: Waste Manegement. Vol. 24. (s.l.) 2004. pp. 805-813. J.Mc. FARLAND, Michael. “Biosolids Engineering”. New York: Mc.Graw Hill, 2001. pp. 3129-3170.
MAISON MARAÑON, Elena. “Problemas de ingeniería ambiental”. Oviedo. Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente. 2001. pp. 243.-247 MELCALF tx EDDY, Inc. “Ingeniería de Aguas Residuales. Tratamiento, vertido y reutilización”. New York: Mc. Graw Hill, 1996. pp. 916-945.
MESAS, Juan Antonio. “Valorización agronómica de los biosólidos, consideraciones técnicas, económicas y medio ambientales”. En: Revista Residuos. Vol. 72. Madrid. 2003. pp. 68-74.
RIVERO, Carmen; CHIRENJE, T.; MA, L.Q. y MARTÍNEZ, G. “Influence of compost on soil organics matter quality under tropical conditions”. En: Geoderma. Vol.145 (s.l.) 2004. pp. 355-361.
SCHESINGER, William H. “Biogeoquímica. Un análisis del cambio global”. Barcelona: Ariel, 2000. p.576.
STOFELLA, Peter J. STOFELLA, Braian A: Kahn. “Compost Utilization in Horticultural Cropping Systems”. New York: Lewis Publichers, 2001. pp.96-117
TCHOBANOGLOUS, George. “Gestión integral de residuos sólidos”. New York: McGraw Hill, 1994. pp. 700-783
TIQUIA, S, et al. «Extacellular enzyme profiles during composting of poulrty manure and yard trimmings”. En: Process Biochemstry. N* 36. (s.l.) 2001.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2010 Rodrigo Ramírez Palacios; Carlos Peláez