Abstract
It is important to understand the global and local magnitude of tropical deforestation, which constitutes the second largest net source of carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Land cover data from 1980 and 2000 in Antioquia were used to calculate both the deforested area and the gross and net annual deforestation rates, expressed as percentages. The results indicate that, over twenty years, 380,000 ha were deforested, equivalent to a gross and net annual average of 19,000 ha and 14,060 ha, and to gross and net annual deforestation rates of 0.93% and 0.69%, respectively — at least double the average rates reported for Latin America during the 1990-1997 period. The continued conversion of forests in Antioquia could lead to unforeseen consequences for biodiversity loss and the provision of ecosystem services essential for human well-being.
References
Achard, F.; H. D. Eva; H.-J. Stibig; P. Mayaux; ]. Gallego; T. Richards and ].- P. Malingreau (2002). Determination of the Deforestation Rates of the World's Humid Tropical Forests. Science 297, 999-1002.
Bala, G.; K. Caldeira; M. Wickett, T. J. Phillips; D. B. Lobell; C. Delire and A. Mirin (2007). Combined Climate and Carbon-Cycle Effects of LargeScale Deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(16), 6550-6555.
Barbier, E. B. and J. C. Burgess (2001).
Tropical Deforestation, Tenure Insecurity, and Unsustainability. Forest Science 47(4), 497-509. Comn, Jj. E.; R. C. Wilkerson; M. N. Segura; R. T. L. De Souza; C. D. Schlichting; R. A. Wirtz and M. M. Póvoa (2002). Emergence of a New
Neotropical Malaria Vector Facilitated by Human Migration and Changes in Land Use. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66(1), 18-22. Debinski, D. M. and R. D. Holt (2000).
A Survey and Overview of Habitat Fragmentation Experiments. Conservation Biology 14(2), 342-355. DerFries, R.; F. Achard; S. Brown; M. Herold; D. Murdiyarso; B. Schlamadinger and C. de Souza Jr. (2007). Earth Observations for
Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries. Environmental Science 4 Policy 10, 385-394. DerFries, R. S.; T. Rudel; M. Uriarte and M. Hansen (2010). Deforestation
Driven by Urban Population Growth and Agricultural Trade in the TwentyFirst Century. Nature. Ellis, E. C. (2011). Anthropogenic
Transformation of the Terrestrial Biosphere. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Serie A 369, 1010-1035.
Ellis, E. C. and N. Ramankutty. (2008). Putting People in the Map: Anthropogenic Biomes of the World. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6(8), 439-447.
Foley, J. A.; R. DeFries; G. P. Asner; C. Barford; G. Bonan; S. R. Carpenter; F. 5. Chapin; M. T. Coe; G. C. Daily; H. K, Gibbs; J. H. Helkowski; T. Holloway; E. A. Howard; C. J. Kucharik; C. Monfreda; J. A. Patz; l. C. Prentice; N. Ramankutty and P. K. Snyder (2005).
Global Consequences of Land Use. Science 309, 570-574. Gibbs, H. K.; A. S. Ruesch; F. Achard; M. C. Clayton; P. Holmgren; N. Ramankutty and J. A. Foley (2010). Tropical Forests were the Primary Sources of New Agricultural Land in the 1980s and 1990s. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107(38), 16732-16737.
Hansen, M. C.; S. V. Stehman; P. V. Potapov; T. R. Loveland; J. RG. Townshend; R. S, DerFries; K. W. Pittman; B. Arunarwati; F. Stolle; M. K. Steinenger; M. Carroll and C. DiMiceli (2008). Humid Tropical Forest Clearing from 2000 to 2005
Quantified by Using Multitemporal and Multiresolution Remotely Sensed Data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(27), 943099444,
Houghton, R. A. (2003). Revised Estimates of the Annual Net Flux of Carbon to the Atmosphere from Changes in Land Use and Land Management 1850-2000. Tellus 55B, 378-390.
Lambin, E. F.; H. J. Geist and E. Lepers (2003). Dynamics of Land -Use and Land-Cover Change in Tropical Regions. Annual Review of Environmental Resources 28, 205241,
Le Quéré, C.; M. R. Raupach; J. G. Canadell; G. Marland; L. Bopp; P. Cialis; T. J. Conway; S. C. Doney; R. A. Feely; P. Foster; P. Friedlingstein; K, Gumey; R. A. Houghton; J. 1. House; C. Huntingford; P. E. Levy; M. R. Lomas; J. Majkut; N. Metzl; J. P. Ometto; G. P. Peters; 1. C. Prentice; J. T. Randerson; S. W. Running; ]J. L. Sarmiento; U. Schuster; S. Sitch; T. Takahashi; N. Viovy; G. R. v. d. Werf, and F. I. Woodward (2009). Trends in the Sources and Sinks of Carbon
Dioxide. Nature Geoscience 2, 831836. Malhi, Y.; J. T. Roberts; R. A. Betts; T. J. Killeen; W. Li and C. A. Nobre (2008).
Climate Change, Deforestation and the Fate of the Amazon. Science 319(11), 169-172. Orrego, S. A. (2009). Economic Modeling of Tropical Deforestation in Antioquia (Colombia), 1980-2000: An Analysis at a Semi-Fine Scale with Spatially Explicit Data. PhD
Dissertation, Oregon State University. 137 p. Patz, J. A., P. Daszak, G. M. Tabor, A. A. Aguirre, M. Pearl, J. Epstein, N. D. Wolfe, A. M. Kilpatrick, J. Foufopoulos, D. Molyneux and D. ]J. Bradley. (2004). “Unhealthy Landscapes:
Policy Recommendations on Land Use Change and Infectious Disease Emergence.” Environmental Health Perspectives 112(10): 1092-1098.
Pearce, D., F. E. Putz, and J. K. Vanclay. (2003). “Sustainable Forestry in the Tropics: Panacea or Folly?” Forest Ecology and Management 172-, 229247.
Pongratz, J.; C. H. Reick; T. Raddatz and M. Claussen (2009). Effects of
Anthropogenic Land Cover Change on the Carbon Cycle of the Last Millennium. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 23, 1-13. Salmun, H. and A. Molod (2006).
Progress in Modeling the Impact of Land Cover Change on the Global Climate. Progress in Physical Geography 30(6), 737-749, Van der Werf, G. R; D. C. Morton; R. S. DeFries; J. G. J. Olivier; P. S. Kasibhatla; R. B. Jackson; G. J. Collatz and J. T. Randerson (2009). co,
Emissions from Forest Loss. Nature Geoscience 2, 737-738. Vittor, A, Y.; R. H. Gilman; J. Tielsch; G. Glass; T. Shields; W. S. Lozano; V. Pinedo-Cancino and J. A. Patz (2006).
The Effect of Deforestation on the Human-Bitting Rate of Anopheles darlingí, the Primary Vector of Falciparum Malariá in the Peruvian Amazon. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74(1), 3-11. : Wright, S. J. (2005). Tropical Forests in a Changing Environment. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20(10), 553560. .

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2011 Sergio Alonso Orrego; Cristian David Ramírez
